
Rayna Azuma (Assistant Professor)
Introduction to Psychology
Cognitive Psychology
Faculty of International Research and Education
Office: Waseda Campus Bldg #11
Have you ever thought about how our brain influences our pattern of behavior?
In this seminar, you can find the answers.
Prof. Azuma, who leads a class of 23 students including four foreign students, specializes in attention and visuospatial working memory, a short term memory of location and positioning. A good example of when it is used is the card game, 'Concentration', where the players have to remember the position of the cards.
According to Prof. Azuma, the main theme of this seminar is to learn how our brain functions, and which part of the brain is associated with various cognitive and behavioral functions. One example that she gives is that, while both men and women activate the frontal and parietal regions of the brain for visuospatial working memory, men rely more on the parietal region (associated with visuospatial processing), whereas women tend to rely more on the frontal region (associated with verbal memory), which may reflect both the structural differences in the male/female brains, as well as the strategies employed by men and women.
An outstanding feature of Prof. Azuma's class is her ability to explain difficult concepts in an easy to understand manner. An example of this is her explanation of the cocktail party phenomenon, which she breaks down to our ability to follow only one conversation at a party even though a lot of people are talking simultaneously. This phenomenon can be replicated in a laboratory setting where a person wears headphones with two different messages playing into each ear. The person can repeat just one message and ignores the other. "In this seminar, the students will learn how we filter and process only the information necessary. Is it just based on physical characteristics like the tone of the voice you hear in speech, or are you actually processing the content of the message?" says Prof. Azuma.
Liyuan Li, a senior student from China who wants to become a banker in China. She will look to use what she has learned to understand investorpsychology.
"Like Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity, I want students to show an interest in and ask questions about things that they may normally take as a normal occurrence and pursue topics of interest critically. For this reason I let the students find their own topic of interest," Prof. Azuma adds. The students can choose various topics including cognitive neuroscience, i.e. brain science, and other subjects such as social psychology and color psychology, etc.
Liyuan Li, a senior student says, "I changed my theme several times before settling on 'procrastination and perfectionism'."
Yusuke Sasaki, a senior student first got interested in social psychology when he was studying in New York with a particular interest in why people react differently. Gradually he found social psychology to be too broad a topic to focus on, and now he has developed an interest in color psychology. "I wanted to research why women look most attractive in red."
Mr. Sasaki, who hopes to work at a beer company in the future, will look to apply what he has learned in this seminar to help understand customer psychology as a salesman.
In the seminar, Prof. Azuma covers a wide range of psychological studies. The students are required to read academic articles published in the peer reviewed journals and introduce the article and discuss it critically in the class. The class usually consists of two or three presentations by the students. Each student has a different theme, so the students can learn other subjects in addition to their own.
What is something unique to Prof. Azuma's class?
Sometimes outside tools are also used in the class. An example of this is when testing the Stroop effect, which tests a person's response time in naming visually presented colors. The effect occurs when trying to name the ink color of color words when the name of a color does not match the word (e.g., "GREEN" displayed in purple). Our first reaction is to read the word written, and we have to work to suppress this instinct to say the color the word is printed in instead, which results in longer response time (i.e. the Stroop effect).
Isn't it difficult for Japanese students to study in English?
Yasuko Tomie, a senior student says, "To begin with I had real difficulties understanding the class. But in the three years, I have really advanced my English abilities and it is much less difficult now." Prof. Azuma says that one of the merits of studying psychology in English is that you can obtain information much faster.
Presentations are followed by a lively on-topic discussion
Yasuko Tomie, a senior

This seminar addresses the classic 'mind-body problem' within the context of modern psychology. Psychologists study the relationships between brain function [body] and behavior [mind], and between environment and behavior, using scientific methods and unbiased observation, experimentation and analysis. Over the past four years, students in our seminar have explored topics, such as, the biological underpinnings of stress, emotion and attention, cultural differences in cognition, development of theory of mind, application of personality inventory, the effect of practice on dual-task performance, along with many other topics.
Rayna Azuma (Assistant Professor)
Yusuke Sasaki, a senior
Carter's book is about the brain functions associated with various aspects of our behavior, such as, eating, understanding a joke, and memories. She is a science writer, and her book is suitable for everyone who is interested in learning about how our behaviors are localized in the brain. Norman's book tells you how good understanding of human cognition and perception can help you design things, from doors to washing machines, to be user-friendly. Finally, the American Psychological Association (APA) is one of the largest scientific organizations in the world, and information on topics that are currently being studied in psychology can be found on its website.
Heartfelt messages of appreciation from graduates reveal more about the seminar's quality than any promotion ever couldThe students look up to Prof. Azuma as someone who is really kind and takes a good care of them. "If we ask her about the class or about our studies, or something else, she always gives us proper advice."
"She is kind, but she is also very strict regarding study. So, when we make presentations, she always speaks with a critical eye, giving us pertinent advice, while encouraging us to strive to continually improve our study techniques."